长三角最大铁路货车“医院”：妙用荧光为列车“体检”******
(新春走基层)长三角最大铁路货车“医院”：妙用荧光为列车“体检”
中新网杭州2月3日电(张煜欢)3日，在位于杭州的乔司检修车间轮轴检修区，轮轴探伤工吴洁良按下“上料”按键，泛着黄绿光的荧光磁悬液随即从探伤机喷管里倾泻而出，均匀洒落在轮轴表面。经过除锈清洗的火车轮轴锃亮如新，从北到南依次排列在四条股道上。
吴洁良所在的中国铁路上海局集团有限公司杭州北车辆段是长三角地区最大的铁路货车“医院”，负责定期检修铁路货车。其中，对火车车轴进行电磁探伤作业是工作的重要一环。
吴洁良在轮辋上涂打作业标记。 汪晟 摄如果说车轮好比火车的两条腿，那么轮轴探伤工就是给火车双腿看病的“医生”，而“荧光”就是他们探病问诊的重要工具。
“为货车轮轴做检查的荧光磁粉探伤机好比是医院里的‘X光机’，在对轮轴喷淋荧光磁悬液，通电磁化后，可以判断轮轴表面状态。”工长茹凯明说，“倘若轮轴产生裂纹、缺陷，在紫外灯的探照下会形成目视可见的磁痕，我们的职责就是及时找出这些‘伤口’，排除隐患，杜绝车轮‘带病’上路。”
随着磁粉探伤机前后遮光门帘落下，探伤间内瞬间变成了暗室，目之所及荧光闪烁，紫光灯下的黄绿色车轴清晰可见。吴洁良戴上紫外线护目镜，俯身弯腰凑近车轴端部，左手握住粉笔在轴颈上涂打起始标记，右手同步按下车轴转动按钮，静静地观察车轴上的磁化状态。
吴洁良将清洗除锈后的轮轴徒手推进轮轴探伤间。 汪晟 摄“牢记磁痕细对比，勤换视角看仔细，苦练手感摸凹凸，打磨修复防误判……”为提高发现故障的水平，班组总结提炼了磁粉探伤的作业口诀，几道步骤自始至终贯穿在吴洁良的作业过程中。
“车轴作为承载列车的关键部件，在运行过程中承受着多重复杂应力的作用，哪怕是0.1毫米的裂纹也容易酿成断轴事故，因此我们不能放过任何一条蛛丝马迹。”吴洁良说，“而且车轴磁痕通常细如发丝，往往隐藏在最让人忽视的地方，需要手、脑、眼全面调动起来。”
随着今年春运接近尾声，各行各业加快了返岗复工的脚步，全力冲刺新春“开门红”。为保障物流通道的畅通，铁路部门开足马力，加快列车周转效率，强化货车检修力度。近段时间以来，吴洁良在“小黑屋”里常常一待就是3个小时，弯腰下蹲检查上百次，给体力和眼力带来双重考验。
在吴洁良和班组的共同努力下，自农历正月初七以来，杭州北车辆段已累计检查1604条轮轴，实现轮轴“零故障”交验，确保往来货物平安抵达千家万户。
近年来，随着铁路技术装备、铸造工艺的不断提升，故障率也在逐步降低。“故障虽然少了，但始终不能疏忽大意，把好每条轮轴的质量关，是责任更是良心。”吴洁良说。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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